by means of; due to; because of; according to
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
coming; going; being (somewhere); come; go; stay
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
how; in what way; how about
to build up; to establish; to form; to become (a state); to accomplish; to achieve; to change into
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
until now; so far; up to the present
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
phantom; vision; illusion; extremely rare item
in that way; thus; so; so?
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
honorific/polite/humble prefix
teasing; banter; ribbing; jest; making fun (of); poking fun (at)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
myself; yourself; I; me; you
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
this and that; this or that; one thing after another
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
unpleasant; uncomfortable; creepy; spooky
denotes uncertainty; such things as A and B; A and B and so on; A and B and the like
terrible; dreadful; terrifying; surprising; startling; tremendous