nine; nine years of age; twelve o'clock (old time system)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
giant; great man; Tokyo Giants (baseball team)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
inheritance; succession; accession; share-alike
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
any kind of; every; whatsoever; whatever
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
in; on; at (place); as for; regarding
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to want; to wish for; to request; to demand; to seek; to search for
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
pure; innocent; pure; unmixed; long kimono made from the same plain-coloured cloth
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
to be descended from; to inherit (a disposition, etc.) from one's ancestors
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
founder; originator; pioneer
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
to deal with (a person); to treat; to deal with (a problem); to handle; to operate (e.g. a machine); to handle; to deal in
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
potentiality; likelihood; possibility; availability
speaking of ...; when it comes to ...; as for ...; if one were to say ...