authorities; relevant authorities; authorities concerned; this office
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
fruit; nut; berry; fruits; profit
strained lees (e.g. sake, tofu); draff
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to throw into; to dump in together
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
explanation; exposition; description; account; caption; legend
surface of the earth; ground surface
rate; ratio; profit; assignment; 10%; unit of ten percent; match
to occupy; to hold; to account for; to make up; to take up
vast; extensive; immense; huge; large; grand
owl (esp. the Ural owl, Strix uralensis)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
now; the present time; just now; another; more
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
nine; nine years of age; twelve o'clock (old time system)
giant; great man; Tokyo Giants (baseball team)
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
to house; to contain; to carry (a baby); to be pregnant; (arch.) to give lodging to; (arch.) to accommodate
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
Ymir (giant in Norse mythology)
people; citizens; subjects; folk
-ian (e.g. Italian); -ite (e.g. Tokyoite); -er (e.g. performer, etc.); person working with ...; man; person
to pose as; to (successfully) impersonate; to pretend to be; to (completely) become; to (fully) turn into
infiltration; sneaking in; going undercover
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
(medical) doctor; physician
collaborator; cooperator; coworker; ally
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)