indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
player (of a sport); athlete; team member
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
pure white; blank (e.g. mind, paper)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
point (of a story, argument, etc.); point (e.g. in stock exchange movement); percentage point; switch; points; point; site
qian (one of the trigrams of the I Ching: heaven, northwest)
match; game; bout; contest
suffix for familiar person
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
mass meeting; convention; tournament; competition; grand event
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
to air; to dry; to drain (off); to drink up; to deprive of a role, job, etc.
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
udon; thick Japanese wheat noodles
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
war; battle; match; game; competition
to attack; to assault; to assail
blocking (e.g. the way); obstructing; block (lump of something (usu. square), area of town, etc.); block; physical record (e.g. on magnetic tape); concrete block; blocking (from view, esp. of websites, on social media, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)