shame; embarrassment; disgrace
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
life; lifetime; career; for life; all one's life; throughout one's life
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to send (a thing); to dispatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury; to spend (time)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
success; passing (e.g. exam); eligibility
absurd; unreasonable; extreme; senseless; disorderly; chaotic
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
enough; sufficient; sufficiently; fully; division into ten
applying to enter more than one school
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
all; entire; whole; altogether
material (for a story, article, etc.); information; joke; jest; proof; evidence; (magician's) trick
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
feeling good; feeling at ease; feeling easy
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)