indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
suffix for familiar person
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
entertainer (esp. boy band or girl group member) whose image is manufactured to cultivate a dedicated consumer fan following; Japanese idol; (cultural) icon; idol; idol (object of worship); image
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
save; checking; curbing; suppressing
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
anxiety; uneasiness; worry; apprehension; fear; insecurity
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
book; document; calligraphy (esp. Chinese); penmanship; handwriting; letter
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
singing voice; (sound of) singing
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
deterioration; degradation; drop in quality; becoming unattractive (because of aging)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
please (give me); please (do for me)
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation