to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
picture; drawing; painting; image (TV, film, etc.); picture; footage
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
to challenge to (a fight, game, etc.); to throw down the gauntlet; to tackle (e.g. a problem); to attempt; to pressure (someone) for sex; to make advances to
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
to be defeated; to be beaten; to be unsuccessful; to lose
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
(not) anywhere; nowhere; everywhere; anywhere
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
a-ha-ha (laughing loudly)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
knight; keima (in go); knight's move; stone placed at a knight's jump from another stone of the same color
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
which way; which direction; which one (esp. of two alternatives); who
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
I'm off; see you later; to go (and then come back)
have a good day; take care; see you