indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
together; at the same time; same; identical
blue; azure; green; pale; gray; unripe
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
while; during; while; although; all; both
on one occasion; once; at one point; at one time
suddenly; casually; accidentally; incidentally; unexpectedly; unintentionally
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
(not) even once; (not) ever
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to turn one's face; to turn around; to look over one's shoulder
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to attempt; to test; to try out
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
tatami mat (esp. as a measure of room size, either 1.82 sqm or 1.54 sqm)
bath; bathing; bathhouse; public bath; room for drying lacquerware; base (wooden joint connecting the blade of a hoe, spade, etc., to the handle)
without; unacceptable; not alright; unsatisfactory
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
... years since construction; ... years old (of a building); built in ...
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
10,000; ten thousand; myriad; everything; all; (arch.) various
8000; eight thousand; many
yen (Japanese monetary unit); circle
wall; partition; barrier; obstacle; Chinese "Wall" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)