jpdb beta

to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)

12

Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker

11

from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)

18

to borrow; to have a loan; to rent; to hire

1

Japan

4

map

1

indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

47

how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)

1

too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as

17

rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)

1

at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for

26

to be hit; to strike; to touch; to be in contact; to be equivalent to; to be applicable; to be right on the money (of a prediction, criticism, etc.)

2

seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...

2

to hurt; to ache; to feel a pain; to be injured; to be spoiled (e.g. food); to be damaged

1

yellow; high-pitched (voice); shrill

1

to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed

4

you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...

16

to spread; to extend; to unfold; to open; to scatter about; to spread around

1

if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question

22

here and there; all around; everywhere; to get things in the wrong order (back to front); to become muddled up

1

to stick; to paste; to stretch; to spread; to form (e.g. ice on a pond); to fill; to swell

1

cellophane tape; (transparent) adhesive tape; Sellotape; Scotch tape

1

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)

25

crispy; crunchy; tearing; ripping; spirited; energetic

1

to break; to be smashed; to split; to crack; to be divided (opinion, vote, etc.); to split (e.g. of a party); to come to light

1

quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like

1

historical document; archives; old manuscript; pre-Meiji era document addressed to someone in particular

1

be; is; did; (have) done; please; do

13

don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...

13

now; soon; already; yet; further; more

5

that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)

2

so much; so; like that

1

to pass (of time); to elapse

1

the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...

10

Takemoto

17

Mr (junior); master; boy

13

Hokkaido (island, prefectural-level administrative unit)

5

to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold

4

unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate

1

thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work

6

anyhow; at any rate; anyway; somehow or other; generally speaking; in any case

1

spacious; vast; wide

1

and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing

4

street light

1

nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible

3

always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively

1

evening; dusk; twilight

1

in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward

1

bed; berth; crib; cot; kip; bedroom

1

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

16