son (of others); boy; young master; green young man from a well-to-do family; young man innocent of the ways of the world
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
aroma; fragrance; scent; smell
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
great pairing (e.g. of food and wine); marriage; wedded life; wedding
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
preparation; arrangements; provision; getting ready; laying out (e.g. a meal)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
selection; classification; sorting; screening; triage
supreme; sublime; highest
fine product; masterpiece
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
tightly; closely; exactly; precisely; suddenly (stopping); perfectly (suited)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
plans; arrangement; schedule; program; programme; expectation
to trample down; to devastate
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to say; to speak; to tell; to talk
edge (of a knife or sword); prong (of an electrical plug)
by means of; due to; because of; according to
to die; to lay down life's burden
honorific/polite/humble prefix
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)