that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
chief; main; principal; important
purpose; goal; aim; objective; intention
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
group; party; team; organization; organisation; association
activity (of a person, organization, animal, volcano, etc.); action; movie (esp. during the silent movie period)
in short; the point is; the important thing is; in a word; basically
club activities; extracurricular activities
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
belonging to (a group, organization, etc.); affiliation (with); being attached to; being under the control of
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
to be unable to; to find difficult (unpleasant, awkward, painful) to do; to serve two or more functions or roles simultaneously; to contain (or combine) two or more features; to work in two or more jobs simultaneously (positions, etc.); to do alongside
right; right-hand side; afore-mentioned (esp. in vertical Japanese writing); foregoing; forgoing
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to come down; to go down; to hang; to dangle; to move back; to step back; to deteriorate
adds force or indicates command
(some) more; even more; longer; further
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
boss; leader; head; boss (difficult enemy, usu. at the end of a section or level)
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
usual; normal; everyday; usually; normally; generally
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
tempering (metal); annealing; forging; toughening; disciplining; training
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be sufficient; to be enough; to be worth doing; to be worthy of; to do (the job); to serve
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
president (of a society); chairman
(fighting) spirit; motivation; shout (for getting in the right mood to deal with something, etc.); cheer; kiai; short shout when performing an attacking move
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
natural; understandable; reasonable; no wonder