group; party; team; organization; organisation; association
activity (of a person, organization, animal, volcano, etc.); action; movie (esp. during the silent movie period)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
student in a higher grade; upperclassman
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
together; at the same time; same; identical
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
club activities; extracurricular activities
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
pig (Sus scrofa domesticus); pork; fatso; fatty
now; the present time; just now; another; more
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
challenge; defiance; dare; attempt; try
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
next (year, spring, etc.); coming; since (last month, etc.); for (20 years, etc.)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
belonging to (a group, organization, etc.); affiliation (with); being attached to; being under the control of
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
by means of; due to; because of; according to
contest; competition; struggle; scramble
tower; steeple; spire; stupa; pagoda; dagoba
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
new student; freshman; first-year student
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
invitation; solicitation; canvassing; canvasing; inducement; persuasion
in order to do; for the purpose of doing
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
struggle (for); scramble; contest
treaty; pact; convention; agreement
on the occasion of; at the time of
sincerely; earnestly; repeatedly; over and over; again and again
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
to cause trouble (for someone); to annoy; to bother; to inconvenience
hindrance; obstacle; to visit (someone's home); demon who hinders Buddhist training; demon who obstructs sentient beings from maintaining moral behaviour
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me