indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
clearly; plainly; distinctly; to be clear; to be definite; to be certain
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
genuine article; real thing; real deal
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
straight (ahead); direct; upright; straightforward; honest; frank
complete; completion; perfection; accomplishment
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to take; to catch; to capture
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
course of a thrown ball; course of a hit ball (golf, tennis, etc.)
to ascertain; to make sure of; to determine; to probe; to get to the bottom (of something)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
how about ...?; I wonder; I don't know
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
adds force or indicates command
strike (e.g. in baseball, bowling)
strange; odd; unexpected; change; incident; disturbance
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
senior high school; high school
life; living; I; me; student
to throw; to hurl; to give up; to abandon; to cast (a glance, shadow, doubt, etc.)
sphere; counter for balls