indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
adds light emphasis or insistence to a statement; gives a statement a threatening or condescending tone
hey there; I say; see here
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
ahead; further on; beyond (this place); before this; prior to this; earlier
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
cloth bib displaying a competitor's number; athlete's number
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
but; however; provided that
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
mostly; ordinarily; probably; most; almost all; ordinary
preparations for returning (home)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
first; preliminary; primary (sources, industry, etc.); original; linear (function, equation); first-order
test (of ability, knowledge, etc.); exam; test (of performance, quality, etc.); trial; rehearsal
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
all members; all hands; everyone; everybody; whole crew
(sports) ground; (playing) field; playground; stadium
centre; center; middle; capital; seat of government
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
starting line (in a race); start line; starting point
to be lucky; to be in luck; to be attached; to have; to be included
please (give me); please (do for me)
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
by no means; never!; certainly (not); surely (not); something unexpected; emergency
long-distance race (in track and field; typically 3, 5 or 10km)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
meaning; called; named; that says; that
if; when; when it comes to ...; as for ...; why don't you ...; why not ...