indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
match; game; bout; contest
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
shudder; shiver; trembling with fear
drama; play; powerful drug
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
player (of a sport); athlete; team member
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to slide into; to slip into
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
to endure; to keep out (e.g. rain); to pull through; to get over; to surpass; to outdo
again; once more; a second time
to raise; to raise up; to wake; to wake up; to cause; to bring about; to start
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
(tree) trunk; (arrow) shaft; (tool) handle; backbone; base
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to tear; to rip; to break through (cordon, opponent's defense, etc.); to breach; to defeat; to beat; to break (e.g. silence)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
valuation; appraisal; evaluation; appreciation; recognition; acknowledgement
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
sudden rise; steep climb; zoom; trending
specialist; expert; professional; authority; pundit
not only ... (but also); not just; as well as
severe; strict; tough; hard
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
foreign; abroad; overseas
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
where; which; anyway; anyhow; sooner or later; eventually
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
victory; triumph; conquest; success; win
expectation; anticipation; prediction; forecast; conjecture
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
chances of winning (a bet); odds
three times (as much); treble; triple; threefold