year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
war; battle; campaign; (arch.) troops; (arch.) forces
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
Qin dynasty (of China; 221-207 BCE); Ch'in dynasty
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
correspondence; being in accordance with; anaphora
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
originally; by nature; from the start
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
China (sometimes also used in ref. to Korea or other foreign countries)
dominion; territory; possession
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
party (political); person who is fond of; fan of
superior; first-class; excellent; (that's) just fine!; bring it on!
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go around; to return; to surround; to concern (usu. of disputes)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
decisive battle; deciding match; play-off
both countries; Ryōgoku (area of Tokyo)
to devote all one's energies; to give one's everything; to to put in all one's effort
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
great war; great battle; world war
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
rivalry (between two equally strong sides); struggle for supremacy; competing (with); vying (with); contending (with); being an equal match (for)
to pass (of time); to elapse
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
conclusion; decision; end; settlement
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
state of affairs (around you); situation; circumstances
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to get tired of waiting; to grow impatient
king; queen; monarch; the Crown (as a focus of authority in the UK, etc.); the throne
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to make a decision; to draw a conclusion; to give a judgement; to hand down a verdict; to let go down; to lower; to do oneself
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
passionate; hot-blooded; full of vitality
young person; youth; young