indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
honesty; sincerity; trust; reliance; (religious) faith; devotion
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
snare; trap (for catching wild game, etc.); trap (i.e. ruse, subterfuge, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
adds force or indicates command
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
yo!; hello there!; wow!; oh!; yah! (yell)
maze; labyrinth; inner ear
Qin dynasty (of China; 221-207 BCE); Ch'in dynasty
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
now; the present time; just now; another; more
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after