indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
adds force or indicates command
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
(common) soldier; rank and file; army; troops; warfare; strategy
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
honesty; sincerity; trust; reliance; (religious) faith; devotion
troop headquarters; stronghold; inn designated for use by a daimyo (Edo period)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
behind; in the rear; in back
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
party; group; crew; company (of troops); corps; unit
Qin dynasty (of China; 221-207 BCE); Ch'in dynasty
Wei; Cao Wei; kingdom in China during the Three Kingdoms period (220-266); Wei; kingdom in China during the Warring States period (403-225 BCE)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)