indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
commander; general; leader
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
honesty; sincerity; trust; reliance; (religious) faith; devotion
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
grandfather (may be used after name as honorific); male senior-citizen (may be used after name as honorific)
Wei; Cao Wei; kingdom in China during the Three Kingdoms period (220-266); Wei; kingdom in China during the Warring States period (403-225 BCE)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
adds force or indicates command
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
300; three hundred; 300 mon; trifling amount; shyster
promotion; raising of status
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed