to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
wound; injury; chip; crack; flaw; defect
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
honorific; term of respect; polite expression; honorific language
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
cherry tree; cherry blossom; light pink; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
café; cafe; coffeehouse; hostess bar (serving western alcoholic beverages; Taisho and Showa period)
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
sandstorm; noise (video); snow
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
time; season; period; phase; stage
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
reason; cause; meaning; sense; (good) sense; reason
is not ... either; is (neither ...) nor ...; nor is it ...; does not ... either; (neither ...) nor ...; does not even ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
(archeological) remains; ruins; relics
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
sometimes; at intervals; occasionally; on occasion; from time to time
as if; as though; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest; really; completely
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
they; those guys; those fellows
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
purpose; goal; aim; objective; intention; motive