fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
corresponding to (in meaning, function, etc.); being equivalent to; appropriate; suitable; to be proportionate to; to be in keeping with
to be ill; to suffer from
to miss (e.g. a chance); to lose; to set free; to let go; to fail to ...
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
air hole; windhole; air vent; deep cave from which cold wind blows
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
3rd day of the month; three days
passage (of time); elapsing; progress; development; transit
cooperation; collaboration; help; support
appeal; call for something; request; axiom
branch shrine; corporate spin-off; split-off business
another company; other company
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to stretch around (e.g. a fence, dragnet, etc.); to lay out (e.g. a wiring system, network, etc.); to string up (e.g. an antenna, ship's rigging, etc.)
(fixing) boundaries for religious practices; prohibition (of items, people, spirits, etc. that would hinder Buddhist practice); fence between inner and outer sanctums in a temple; (arch.) short two or three-fold lattice around the front desk of a store; barrier; dimensional barrier
by means of; due to; because of; according to
any more; anymore; any further; any better; any longer
expansion; extension; magnification; enlargement; escalation; spread
to defend against; to protect against; to prevent; to avert; to avoid
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do
already; previously; before; undeniably; unmistakably
to overflow; to brim over; to flood
ghost that appears at sea during a shipwreck; something strange or suspicious; mask for roles involving dead or ghost characters
extermination (of pests); eradication; stamping out (e.g. a social evil)
another place; some other place; another (person or thing); other; beyond (one's expectations, imagination, etc.); outside
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to be found; to be discovered
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
now; the present time; just now; another; more
two persons; two people; pair; couple
end; finish; bound; limit; delivery date (of a futures contract); finale (of a noh song); end of an act (in jōruri or kabuki)