indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
weather; climatic conditions; fine weather; clear day; situation; state of affairs
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
Tsu (city in Mie); harbour; harbor; ferry
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
disaster; calamity; misfortune; trouble; woes
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
desire; wish; request; entreaty; prayer; (written) application
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
device; instrument; vessel; container; ability; capacity
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
to kill (a human) using a blade (sword, machete, knife, etc.); to slice (off); to lop (off); to cut (off)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
adds force or indicates command
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
stormy weather (at sea); poor catch of fish (due to stormy seas); poor turn-out; recession