indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
law; act; method; mood; dharma; law
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
book; document; calligraphy (esp. Chinese); penmanship; handwriting; letter
orthodoxy; (Greek) orthodox church
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
equation; formula; ceremony; style; (arch.) enforcement regulations (of the ritsuryo)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
any red algae in the family Gelidiaceae (esp. Gelidium crinale)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed