indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be due to; to be caused by; to depend on; to turn on; to be based on; to come from
November; eleventh month of the lunar calendar
5th day of the month; five days
minute (unit of time); fun (one tenth of a monme, 5.787 grains)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
babysitting; babysitter; protecting; keeping; keeper
vermillion (colour); cinnabar; vermillion (pigment); cinnabar ink stick; correction written in red ink
madder (esp. Japanese madder, Rubia argyi); madder (red color)
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
hue; color phase; colour phase
health; healthy; sound; fit
mind; spirit; attitude; mentality; spirit (of a matter); essence
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
wonderful; splendid; magnificent; exceeding; incredible; remarkable
one day; all day (long); the whole day; first day of the month
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to enjoy; to take pleasure in; to have a good time; to look forward to
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
day shift; day duty; day work; daily work; going to work every day
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
field; plain; prairie; tundra; moor; wilderness
the way there; outbound leg; bound for ...; outbound ticket
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
aroma; fragrance; scent; smell
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
hour; o'clock; (specified) time; when ...; during ...
than; rather than; instead of; from; out of; except
public peace; public safety; public security; security police
bureau; department; office (e.g. post, telephone); broadcasting station (e.g. television, radio); affair; situation