indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
arrest; apprehension; capture
helmet; hard hat; protective headgear
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
destruction; annihilation; devastation; catastrophe
an issue being settled; a case being closed
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
the end; closing; being done for; that's it; that's enough; that's all
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
missing (of a person); lost; unaccounted for; whereabouts unknown
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
charge; duty; person in charge; connection; linking
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
execution; carrying out; performance; lead monk performing various tasks in a temple
government service; the bureaucracy
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
in the confusion of the moment; taking advantage of the confused state of affairs
escape; flight; running away; elopement; fleeing
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
monitoring; watching; observation; surveillance; guarding; supervision
interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
don't you think?; indicates question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
symptomatic therapy; makeshift solution
to claim victims; to leave casualties
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
search (esp. in criminal investigations); investigation; inquiry; enquiry
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
such; like that; that sort of; very
meaning; significance; sense
from the start; from the beginning; from the outset
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
match; game; bout; contest
at least; at most; (even) just