indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
execution; carrying out; performance; lead monk performing various tasks in a temple
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
government service; the bureaucracy
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
target; object (of worship, study, etc.); subject (of taxation, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
monitoring; watching; observation; surveillance; guarding; supervision
coefficient; factor; proportional constant
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
now; the present time; just now; another; more
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to be (in contrast to something that is not the case)
intention; wish; purpose; mind (to do)
the way there; outbound leg; bound for ...; outbound ticket
cinnabar; vermillion; red pigment (and ink made from same); red text (as used to correct documents)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
human being; human; person; character (of a person)