at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
doing; in such a state; doing together; doing to each other; familiarizing suffix (sometimes meaning "small")
young bird; chick; fledgling; hina doll; doll displayed during the Girls' Festival
kokkuri; divination technique similar to table turning and planchette
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom; submissive partner of a homosexual relationship
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
adds force or indicates command
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
to hate; to dislike; to loathe
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all