indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
adds force or indicates command
kokkuri; divination technique similar to table turning and planchette
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
flesh; meat; flesh (of a fruit); pulp; the physical body (as opposed to the spirit); flesh; thickness
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
honorific/polite/humble prefix
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
older sister; lass; young lady
uncle; old man; mister; manybar goatfish (Parupeneus multifasciatus)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
strange; odd; unexpected; change; incident; disturbance
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
check (pattern); ichimatsu doll