fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to see (a doctor, etc.); to consult (someone)
detailed; full; minute; knowing very well; knowledgeable (about); well-acquainted (with)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
condition; term; requirement; qualification; prerequisite
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
position; situation; viewpoint; standpoint; point of view
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
older brother; elder brother
to refuse; to reject; to inform; to give notice; to ask leave; to excuse oneself (from)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to give up; to abandon (hope, plans); to resign oneself (to)
by the way; in this connection; incidentally; in passing
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
suffix for familiar person
to get angry; to get mad; to tell someone off; to scold; to be angular; to be square
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
both; both sides; both parties