indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
right; correct; proper; righteous; just
suffix for familiar person
first of all; at once; right away; for now; for the time being
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
biography of a brave fighter; heroic saga; chivalric romance; tale of one's heroism; episode of bravery; acts of violence
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
adds force or indicates command
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
sure; certain; reliable; trustworthy; If I'm not mistaken; If I remember correctly
father; dad; husband; you; he
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to strike; to clap; to play drums; to abuse; to bash; to consult; to sound out
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
to get angry; to get mad; to tell someone off; to scold; to be angular; to be square
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
depending on the situation; should time and circumstances permit
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...