tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
account; history; chronicle; Kojiki; Records of Ancient Matters
relaxed and enjoyable; spacious; vast; heavily trafficked; bustling
prefecture (Japan); county (China, Taiwan, Norway, etc.); department (France); province (Italy, Spain, etc.)
Spain; Spanish (language)
dawn; daybreak; event (e.g. "in the event of ..."); occasion; occurrence
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
since one was born; (in) all one's life
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
primary school; elementary school; grade school
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
truancy; school non-attendance
senior high school; high school
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
refusal; rejection; denial; veto
institution; establishment; facility; home (for elderly, orphans, etc.)
entering; setting (of the Sun); containing; content; income; beginning
hospitalization; hospitalisation
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
painter; artist; drawing pictures; doodling; painting
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
entering and leaving hospital
to repeat; to do something over again
negligence; neglect; carelessness; procrastination
taking captive; carrying away; kidnapping; kidnaping; abduction
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
acting rashly; running wildly; runaway (process); reckless baserunning
on the occasion of; circumstances; juncture
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to help out of (trouble); to extricate
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question