indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
route; path; channel (e.g. sales, distribution)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to feel around for; to fumble for; to investigate; to probe into; to explore (parts unknown); to enjoy (natural beauty)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
departure; leaving; setting off
group; body; party; company; troupe; gang
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
intelligence; intellect; brains
to furnish with; to equip with; to prepare for; to make preparations for; to possess (all that is needed); to be endowed with
giant; great man; Tokyo Giants (baseball team)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
encounter; running into; meeting with (e.g. an accident); being confronted with (e.g. a difficulty)
in succession; one by one
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to fall (over, down); to collapse; to be destroyed (in a collapse); to collapse; to be confined to bed (with an illness); to come down with; to die
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
(not) anyone; (not) a single person; no one; nobody
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
meaning; significance; sense
understanding; comprehension; appreciation; sympathy
as (it is); remaining (in a state); with (e.g. one's eyes closed, the light on); while (e.g. standing, alive); as (one pleases, one is told, etc.); according to
to run into (room, building, etc.); to go for long training runs
group; party; team; squad; section
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
he; she; that guy; that; that one; that thing
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
to become known; to come to light; to be known; to be understood; to clearly not amount to much; to be insignificant
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
to choose; to select; to pick (out)
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o