prefix for forming ordinal numbers
counter for occurrences; a time; an instance; inning (baseball); round; episode; chapter
outside a wall; beyond a wall; extramural
investigation; examination; inquiry; enquiry; survey
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
start; commencement; beginning; initiation
to advance; to move forward; to carry forward (plans, work, etc.); to proceed with; to raise; to elevate
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
house where one was born; one's parents' house
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
ward; borough; city (in Tokyo); district (e.g. electoral); section; zone (e.g. postal)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
giant; great man; Tokyo Giants (baseball team)
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
(horse-drawn) cart; wagon; dray
group; party; team; squad; section
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
support; backing; aid; assistance
middle; midway; middle position; moderate position; interim; intermediary
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
reserve; spare; preparation; preliminaries
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop; knight (court card in mekuri karuta and unsun karuta)
running parallel (to); running side-by-side; keeping pace (with)
transmission (e.g. news, chemical signals, electricity); communication; delivery; conveyance; transfer; relay
to leave (a matter, decision, etc. to someone); to entrust (to someone); to leave (to chance, one's imagination, etc.); to let (take its own course); to use (money, strength, spare time, etc.) to the full; to use freely
special; particular; extraordinary; exceptional; especial
tactics; strategy; military operation; naval operation
centre; center; middle; capital; seat of government
standing by; awaiting an opportunity; being on alert; quarantine
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
battle formation; lineup (e.g. for a game)