to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
(not) anywhere; nowhere; everywhere; anywhere
injury; wound; mistake; accident; loss
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
than; from; out of; except; but; more
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
missing (of a person); lost; unaccounted for; whereabouts unknown
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
how long; how much; to what extent
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
dispatch; despatch; transmission; informing (e.g. of opinion); sharing (thoughts, etc.); telling
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
accident; incident; trouble; circumstances; reasons
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to face; to go towards; to head towards
unmanned; uninhabited; unattended; shorthandedness; lack of help
bot (autonomous computer program, esp. on a network)