box; case; car (of a train, etc.); shamisen case; shamisen; public building; community building
learning; scholarship; study; study of ...; -ology; -ics
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
ace (playing card); ace (of a team); leading player; ace; hotshot; ace (serve)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
whole; all; general; gross; entire; overall
north; the North; northern territories; North Korea; (arch.) north wind
in that way; thus; so; so?
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
goal; basket (basketball); finishing line; Gaul
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
remnant; residue; remaining; left-over
metre; meter; meter; gauge
impregnable castle; inner castle citadel; golden castle (nickname for Nagoya Castle)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to wait for a favorable chance; to wait for a favourable chance
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
in this way; thus; such; uh...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
victory; triumph; conquest; success; win
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
single; solo; solitary; just one; only one
in comparison to; rather than
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
(some) more; even more; longer; further
attachment; adhesion; tenacity; fixation; obsession
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
trouble; burden; nuisance; care; dependence; support
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to mind; to care about; to be an issue; to matter; to keep company; to care for; to interfere with
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she