indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
step; stair; grade; rank; counter for breaks in written language (or speech, etc.); dan
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
acceleration; speeding up
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to anyone; to everyone; by anyone; by everyone; in everyone; in anyone
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
one sheet; one page; one block of tofu; one serving (in a restaurant); one long and narrow thing (e.g. guns, scissors, spades, hoes, inksticks, palanquins, candles, jinrikishas, shamisen, oars, etc.); one chō (unit of distance, 109.09 m); one game
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
very; extremely; excessively
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling, atmosphere, etc.); serious; gloomy
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to be good (at); to go well; to look (taste, etc.) good; to hold one's liquor; to be able to hold one's drink
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to leave as; to view as; to maintain the status quo
victory; triumph; conquest; success; win
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
reason; reasoning power; (one's) sense
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
ascent; climbing; ascending (path); upbound (esp. toward Tokyo)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
rather; better; instead; if anything
stall (in flying); downturn; slowdown; slump
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
sense; sensation; feeling; intuition
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to feel (as if); to have a feeling (that); to have a hunch (that); to feel like doing; to want to do
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
inter-scholastic athletics competition
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need