indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
far away; far off; far; long ago; long before
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be resurrected; to be resuscitated; to be rehabilitated; to be recalled (e.g. memories); to be brought back
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
one move (in go, shogi, etc.); only way; only means; doing alone; doing single-handed
to carry to extremes; to go to the end of something; to investigate thoroughly; to master
for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; because of; as a result of
company; association; regional Chinese god of the earth (or a village built in its honour); counter for companies, shrines, etc.
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
Japanese person; Japanese people
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
how; in what way; how about
arm; skill; efforts; ability
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
until now; so far; up to the present
than; from; out of; except; but; more
to master (a skill); proprietor; manager; leader; chief; master (of arts, science, etc.); master (recording)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
so; like this; in this way
amateur; layman; respectable woman (i.e. not a prostitute, hostess, geisha); (arch.) unlicensed prostitute
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
to hit; to strike; to strike (noon, etc.); to sound (cymbals, etc.); to beat (rhythmically, e.g. pulse, waves, etc.); to move; to impress
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality