indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
suffix for familiar person
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
adds force or indicates command
major; lieutenant commander; wing commander
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
comprehension; consent; understanding; OK; roger (on two-way radio)
core; core; hardcore; all-out
purple lightning; flash; swordflash
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
impossible; incapable (of doing); incompetence; inability; impotence; having no solution (of an equation)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
now; the present time; just now; another; more
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
steering; piloting; flying; management; handling; control
gale; violent (strong) wind
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)