indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
suffix for familiar person
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
major; lieutenant commander; wing commander
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
strength; power; proficiency; ability
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
gale; violent (strong) wind
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
adds force or indicates command
to fly; to soar; to jump; to leap; to spatter; to scatter; to hurry
(ancient) Japan; Yamato (former province located in present-day Nara Prefecture)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
circle; entirety; whole; money; dough; enclosure inside a castle's walls; soft-shelled turtle
just; right; pure; genuine; truth
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...