indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
adds force or indicates command
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be broken; to break; to fall through; to come to nothing
to step on; to tread on; to set foot on (e.g. foreign soil); to stand on; to experience; to undergo; to follow (rules, principles, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
there; over there; genitals; private parts; that far; that much
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
remnant; residue; remaining; left-over
tenth day of the month; ten days
approximately; about; promise; appointment; shortening; reduction
100,000; hundred thousand
mobilization; mobilisation
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
have no choice; there is nothing but; no more than
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
match; game; bout; contest
holding (a conference, exhibition, etc.); opening; hosting (e.g. the Olympics)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
biggest; greatest; largest; maximum
all people; everybody; ten thousand people
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
several; a number of; quantity; amount; counting; figures; number
to earn (income); to make (money); to score (points, victory); to gain (time); to work hard (at one's job); to labor
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine