Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be surprised; to be astonished
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
educational institution; school; academy; campus
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
maintenance of public order; maintaining security
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
activity (of a person, organization, animal, volcano, etc.); action; movie (esp. during the silent movie period)
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be open (to traffic); to lead to; to flow (liquid, current); to pass; to be understood; to be comprehended; to be honored
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(period of) a year; during an era
dozens; scores of; decades
10^8; 100,000,000; hundred million
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to ascend; to go up; to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the Sun); to rise; to go to (the capital); to be promoted; to add up to
pupil; student; schoolchild
by means of; due to; because of; according to
independence; autonomy; self-reliance
management; administration; operation
to sing; to sing (one's praises in a poem, etc.); to compose a poem; to recite a poem
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
while; during; while; although; all; both
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well
interest; rights; concession
dispute; strife; quarrel; dissension; conflict; rivalry
to wriggle; to squirm; to crawl like a worm
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
bargaining; haggling; tactics; strategy
to roll up; to enfold; to swallow up; to involve; to drag into
December; twelfth month of the lunar calendar
to have an accident; to meet with an accident
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few