indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
doubt; question; suspicion; dubiousness
evil spirit; demon; devil
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
definite; final; decisive; conclusive
basis; foundation; grounds; authority
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
wild fox; (arch.) mythical fox spirit capable of possessing people
circle; entirety; whole; money; dough; enclosure inside a castle's walls; soft-shelled turtle
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
long ago; already; a long time ago
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
control; restraint; suppression; constraint; curtailment; inhibition
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
dying of shame; being so ashamed one wants to die
mechanism; organization; organisation
invalid; void; ineffective; unavailable
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
adds force or indicates command
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
perhaps; probably; generous; many; much
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
to pull apart; to separate; to have a lead over; to pull ahead of; to outdistance
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for