indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
babysitting; babysitter; protecting; keeping; keeper
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
warp; curvature; curve; arch
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
trace; tracks; site; remains; scar
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
slapping hands in front of the opponent's face to confuse him
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling