indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at once; immediately; right now
to give an answer; to find an answer to a question; to work out a solution
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
loveable; very likeable; like very much
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
therefore; consequently; accordingly; for that reason
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
annotation; explanatory note; comment
composition; piece of music; tune; melody; enjoyment; fun
tray; family; household; O-Bon; Bon Festival; gambler's den
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
to stop (moving); to come to a stop; to stop (doing, working, being supplied); to come to a halt; to alight; to perch on
adds force or indicates command
noisy; loud; annoying; troublesome; fussy; finicky
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
plans; arrangement; schedule; program; programme; expectation
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
to play (a stringed or keyboard instrument)
meaning; significance; sense
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
bonze; monk; monk's dwelling; boy; son; I; me
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!