too; also; still; as before; even so; either way
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
to be unable to; to find difficult (unpleasant, awkward, painful) to do; to serve two or more functions or roles simultaneously; to contain (or combine) two or more features; to work in two or more jobs simultaneously (positions, etc.); to do alongside
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
mistake; error; accident; mishap; improper conduct (e.g. between man and woman); indiscretion
honorific/polite/humble prefix
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
pleasant smell; aroma; fragrance; pleasant-smelling vegetation
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
midwinter; cold season; coldest days of the year
interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
law (esp. ancient East Asian criminal code); regulation; vinaya (rules for the monastic community); Ritsu (school of Buddhism); lüshi (style of Chinese poem); (musical) pitch; six odd-numbered notes of the ancient chromatic scale
in that way; thus; so; so?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
strange; odd; unexpected; change; incident; disturbance
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
expectation; anticipation; hope; promising; rising; up-and-coming
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
to wave; to shake; to sprinkle; to throw (dice); to cast (actor); to allocate (work); to turn down (somebody)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?