indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
ceremony; rite; ritual; service
(in) the middle of; (in) the midst of; (in) the course of; (at) the height of
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
unheard-of; unprecedented; unparalleled in history (unparallelled); record-breaking
suffix for familiar person
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
accused; defendant; prisoner at the bar
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
trial; judgement; judgment
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
second day of the month; two days
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to call for; to summon
the prosecution; prosecution side
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
testimony; (verbal) evidence
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
abruptly; suddenly; all of a sudden; without warning
to thrust away; to send flying
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
now; the present time; just now; another; more
preparation; arrangements; provision; getting ready; laying out (e.g. a meal)
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
witness stand; witness box
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
name; given name; first name
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
occupation; profession; job; vocation; trade; calling
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)