indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology; promoted rook
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
honorific/polite/humble prefix
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
magical powers; supernatural powers; spell; charm
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
hero; heroine; Eroica Symphony (Beethoven, 1804); Heroic Polonaise (Chopin)
baron; Irish cobbler (variety of potato)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
adds force or indicates command
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
demon; devil; evil spirit; monster; goblin; apparition
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding