remote region; frontier (district); border(land)
count; earl; chief official of the Department of Worship; (arch.) eldest brother; Brazil; Brazilian
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
Chinese martial arts; kung fu; wushu; kenpō (martial arts); kempo
instructor; (fencing) teacher; model
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
infancy; childhood; tender age
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
demon; devil; evil spirit; -crazed person; -obsessed person; fiend
fashion; way; school (of thought); class; rank; current (electrical, water, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take lessons in; to be taught; to learn (from a teacher); to study (under a teacher); to get training in
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to pass (time); to spend; to overdo (esp. of one's alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); (arch.) to take care of; (arch.) to support
(period of) a year; during an era
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
solitude; loneliness; isolation
family trouble (quarrel); domestic squabble; internal squabble (over headship rights) in a daimyo family in the Edo period
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to distance oneself (from); to keep (something or someone) at a distance; to maintain a distance (from)
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
quiet (place); still; silent; inconspicuously; modestly; quietly
living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
spear; lance; javelin; lance; (arch.) jeering
valuation; appraisal; evaluation; appreciation; recognition; acknowledgement
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
preparatory school (for entrance examinations); cram school; cramming school
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
thanks to ...; owing to ...; because of ...
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)