indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to go out to meet; to receive; to call for; to summon; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to take (e.g. a wife)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
sphere; circle; range; category
to build; to construct; to erect; to build up (a reputation, position, fortune, etc.); to establish (a relationship, household, tradition, etc.); to lay (a foundation)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
declaration; proclamation; announcement
now; the present time; just now; another; more
daring and resolute; having dauntless courage
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
in spite of; despite; although; nonetheless; nevertheless; but
battle; war; fight (against time, poverty, etc.); struggle (for freedom, survival, etc.); contest; competition
to be prolonged; to drag on; to take a long time; to persist; to linger
aspect; phase; condition; modality
to show; to display; to make (something or someone) look ...; to present an appearance of ...; to make (something) worth watching; to be entertaining; to have (something) looked at (by a specialist)
to reach a situation about which nothing can be done
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
to form; to make; to build up (e.g. a fortune); to create; to accomplish; to achieve; to change (into)
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
orbit; trajectory; (railroad) track; (right) track; proper course
(medieval) knight; samurai on horseback
fellow; mutual; companion; comrade
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to fight with each other; to fight amongst yourselves
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
don't you think?; indicates question
self first; striving to be first; scrambling for
merit; success; meritorious deed; achievement; accumulated experience
to compete; to contend; to vie; to contest
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
design (on a banner); emblem (on a flag); insignia; banner (e.g. of democracy); slogan; cause
origin; source; basis; base; cause; (raw) material; ingredient
meeting; get-together (e.g. among friends)