thank you for your hard work; good work; see you; goodbye; goodnight
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
button (clothing); push-button
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
lodging; inn; house; home; home of a servant's parents (or guarantor, etc.)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to dye; to colour; to color
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
just safe (e.g. just avoiding being late, failing an exam, etc.); only just OK; barely acceptable
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
congestion (e.g. traffic); delay; stagnation
sensation; feeling; tendency; propensity
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
heh heh heh; tee-hee; giggle
suffix for familiar person
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to push; to press; to apply pressure from above; to press down; to stamp (i.e. a passport); to apply a seal; to affix (e.g. gold leaf)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
contacting; (making) contact; connection (with a train, bus, etc.); joining (a railway line, etc.); connection (between matters, incidents, etc.); relation
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
all members; all hands; everyone; everybody; whole crew
to gather; to collect; to assemble
difficult; hard; impossible; unfeasible; fussy; particular; gloomy